One of the first questions that MS-DOS programmers ask on encountering a UNIX systems are , "How do I read characters from the terminal without requiring the user to hit RETURN?" Terminal input in UNIX is "cooked" by default, meaning that the raw input is first processed so that line-editing characters (backspace, delete, and so on) can be used, and these keys take effect without being passed through to the running program.
Usually this is a desirable convenience, but it does mean that a read won't get the data until the user presses RETURN to signify that the line is finished. Input is effectively line-by-line, whereas some applications need to see each character as each individual key is pressed. This feature is essential for many kinds of software and is trivial on a PC. The C libraries there support this, often with a function called kbhit(), which indicates if a character is waiting to be read. The C compilers from Microsoft and Borland provide getch()
(or getche() to echo the character) to get input character-by-character without waiting for the whole line.
People often wonder why ANSI C did not define a standard function to get a character if a key has been pressed. Without a standard function every system has a different method, and programs portability is lost. The argument against providing kbhit() as part of the standard is that it is mostly useful for games software, and there are many other terminal I/O features that are not standardized. In additionally , you don't want to promise a standard library function that some OS's will find difficult to provide. The argument for providing it is that it is mostly useful for games software, and that games writers do not need the myriad of other terminal input/output features that could be standardized. Whichever view you hold, it's true that X3J11 missed an opportunity to reinforce C as the language of choice for a generation of
student programmers writing games on UNIX.
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Med Refill apps for a pharmacist
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